Classification of humeral shaft fractures Hand Clin 2018; 34 (1): 105-12.

Classification of humeral shaft fractures. Most frequently humeral shaft fractures occur as a result of a direct blow to the upper arm (transverse fractures). The incidence of proximal humerus fractures varies by region, Proximal humerus fractures (PHF) account for 5-6% of all adult fractures[1]. They are often the result of Osteology: Humerus Classification: long bone Features: Humeral head: The proximal articular surface of the upper extremity. A Biomechanical Study of Tuberosity-Based Locked Plate Fixation Compared with Standard Proximal Humeral Locking Plate Fixation for 3-Part Proximal Humeral Fractures. This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists Humeral shaft fractures are readily diagnosed and do not usually require internal fixation. Hand Clin 2018; 34 (1): 105-12. Epidemiology Proximal humeral fractures The humerus (arm bone) is the upper arm's only long bone. Indirect trauma from a fall or a twisting action (e. Conservative management is the treatment of choice for most humeral shaft fractures and offers functional results and union rates that are Humeral shaft fractures are common injuries, accounting for approximately 3% of all fractures; most can be managed nonoperatively with anticipated good to excellent results. Classification based on four Classification The Neer classification system * is used to characterise proximal humeral fractures based on the relationship between 4 main segments of the proximal humerus: Greater tuberosity Lesser tuberosity Title: Fractures of the Humeral Shaft 1 Fractures of the Humeral Shaft Andrew Sems, MD Original Author Patrick J. Humeral shaft fractures. The AO classification divides distal Intramedullary nailing: The use of intramedullary nails are effective in stabilising some proximal humerus fractures, which include surgical neck fractures, three-part greater tuberosity Pediatric proximal humerus fractures are a relatively common physeal and metaphyseal fracture of the proximal humerus seen in children with a peak age of 15 year of age. Treatment is nearly always nonoperative in Indications The majority of isolated humeral shaft fractures can be managed nonoperatively. The anatomic neck is the old epiphyseal plate, and the surgical neck is the metaphyseal area below the humeral head. These are uncommon but prevalent enough that they are part of independently classified 90 humeral shaft fractures according to the OTA/AO classification. A skin examination is used to assess for an open fracture or gross deformity. The blood supply is Background: This study investigates the surgical state-of-the-art procedure for humeral shaft fractures with primary radial nerve palsy based on its own case series in relation to the current INTRODUCTION Fractures of the humerus can occur proximally, at the shaft, or distally. Reference article Lateral approach to the humeral shaft See details See details Extended deltopectoral approach to the humeral shaft See details See details Limited approaches for anterior MIO of the humeral shaft Humeral shaft fractures account for approximately 3 % of all fractures. Radial nerve palsy after humeral shaft fractures: The case for early exploration and a new classification to guide treatment and prognosis. It has been estimated previously as representing between 3% and 5% of all fractures, 17, 120, 148 but a more The AO/OTA classification of distal humeral fractures is one of the most frequently used systems for classifying distal humeral fracture s. [2] The Neer classification for proximal humerus fractures is Traditionally, humeral shaft fractures have been described according to the following features: Location - Proximal, middle, or distal Type of fracture line - Transverse, Classification Distal third of humerus (see humeral shaft) Supracondylar (High and low supracondylar; flexion and extension) Intercodylar (Intra articular) Classification The shaft of the humerus is assigned the number 12 according to the Müller AO Classification. The proximal humerus has 4 parts: articulating surface (anatomical neck), greater tuberosity, lesser tuberosity, and humeral shaft. 1 The distribution of fractures follows a Humeral shaft fractures are readily diagnosed and usually, do not require internal fixation. Conservative management is the treatment of choice for most humeral shaft fractures and offers functional results and union rates that are The Finnish Shaft of the Humerus (FISH) randomized clinical trial was planned to compare the effectiveness of surgery versus nonsurgical care in the treatment of humeral shaft fractures in The Neer classification of proximal humeral fractures utilises specific terminology that influences the classification, which is essential to include in radiology reports of proximal Humerus fractures can result from direct or indirect trauma. There are only two fragments, and the fracture plane is a spiral, caused by a twisting force on the shaft of the humerus. The AO/OTA classification of distal humeral fractures is one of the most frequently used systems for classifying distal humeral fracture s. Introduction Humeral shaft fractures are common injuries. Nonsurgical management of humeral shaft fractures with functional bracing gained popularity in the 1970s, Definition Fracture of the humerus shaft comprises a break of the long humeral bone between its extremities: the humeral head, joining at the shoulder joint with the glenoid fossa of the scapula, and the distal humeral head forming the In 2018, AO/OTA introduced a new classification system with the aim of simplifying the coding process, in which the Neer four-part classification was integrated into the fracture description. They occur in an approximate bimodal distribution, typically affecting young adults following trauma and older females after low energy falls in the presence of Dr. Classification System The four-segment classification system defines proximal humerus fractures by the number of displaced segments or parts, with additional categories for articular fractures and dislocations (Fig. Proximal humeral fractures are common upper extremity fractures, particularly in older patients, and can result in significant disability. They can be classified based on location and features on x-rays. Like many orthopaedic injuries, they have a bimodal distribution, occurring in both younger patients due to high energy trauma and in elderly patients following Most humeral shaft fractures can be treated initially in a coaptation splint 4,5. arm Basic principles are used for patients presenting with humeral shaft fractures. Identify at-risk populations for humeral shaft fractures and the likely injury mechanisms in each group. There is increasing recognition given in regard to managing these fractures in the setting of elderly, Classification of children’s fracturesPaired bones When, in paired bones, (radius/ulna or tibia/fibula) both bones are fractured with the same fracture pattern (see child code), these two fractures should be documented by only one Humeral shaft fractures are associated with pain, temporary disability and a reduced quality of life for the duration of treatment. Humeral shaft fracture is a common injury which can be treated either conservatively with functional bracing or with surgical fixation. Some spiral, oblique and comminuted fractures require traction, in addition to splinting, to achieve appropriate alignment. The degree of radiological deformity that can be accepted is far greater than in other long bones. 46 It is based on displacement of segments rather than fracture lines and depicts the The AO/OTA classification of distal humeral fractures is one of the most frequently used systems for classifying distal humeral fracture s. Vascular injury in association with humeral shaft fractures occurs in only a small percentage of cases. Many still regard nonoperative management as the standard of care; however, as Distal humeral fractures are traumatic injuries involving the epicondyles, the trochlea, the capitellum, and the metaphysis of the distal humerus.   Epidemiology Humeral shaft fractures account for 3-5% of all fractures 1,3. Then, a vascular Fractures may be open or closed. Introduction Fractures of the humeral shaft represent 1% to 3% of all fractures and have an annual incidence of 4. [2] A CT scan may be done in proximal fractures to gather further details. 1, 2 In the Netherlands, the overall incidence rate of patients AO/OTA Fracture and Dislocation Classification Compendium-2018 A humerus fracture is a break somewhere along the upper arm bone. J Orthop Trauma ABSTRACT Humeral shaft fractures (HSFs) represent 3% of the fractures of the locomotor apparatus, and the middle third of the shaft is the section most affected. Ebraheim’s educational animated video describes Neer classification of proximal humeral head fractures, One, Tow, Three, and Four. “Most fractures of the shaft of the humerus are best treated by simple splintage. 5 per 100,000 patients. Distal Proximal humeral fractures are common upper extremity fractures, particularly in older patients, and can result in significant disability. 1999; Schemitsch The proximal humerus has two necks. Risk of complications is Abstract Humeral shaft fractures account for approximately 3% of all fractures. Appropriate nonoperative and operative The Mayo-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (FJD) classification for proximal humerus fractures aims to identify specific fracture patterns and apply displacement criteria to each Distal Humerus Fractures are traumatic injuries to the elbow that comprise of supracondylar fractures, single column fractures, column fractures or coronal shear fractures. Patients were included if they received a diagnosis of 812. 2) Treatment depends on factors like patient age, Proximal humerus fractures are a common injury most often seen in elderly females with osteoporotic bone. Periprosthetic, recurrent, and pathological Proximal humerus fracture The humeral head articulates with the scapular glenoid. Fracture parts The Neer system divides the proximal humerus into Humeral shaft fractures are readily diagnosed and usually, do not require internal fixation. g. The terminology and factors The Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) classification of proximal humeral fractures, like fractures in other bone segments, categorises Classification of humeral fractures Classification of humeral fractures is difficult. In this review, we aim to provide a concise yet comprehensive summation of the assessment and management of humeral shaft fractures. Fracture rate is 0–2 per 10,000 per year with no gender differences (2). It is more common among the elderly population following a low energy trauma such as falling. The vast majority of these fractures are minimally displaced and amenable to nonoperative treatment. The aim of the present work is to Abstract Humeral shaft fractures account for approximately 3% of all fractures. They are classified by location into proximal humerus fracture, humeral shaft fracture, and distal humerus fracture. Current evidence shows an Fractures of the Shaft of the Humerus A humeral shaft fracture (see Box 4-8) is defined when the main fracture line is distal to the surgical neck of the proximal humerus, and proximal to the Fractures of the humerus include those near the shoulder (known as proximal humeral fractures), shaft fractures, and fractures near the elbow (known as distal humeral fractures). We help you diagnose your Humeral shaft case and provide detailed descriptions of how to manage this and hundreds of other pathologies The injuries of the ball-and-socket shoulder joint considered as the Humeral shaft fracture. It is widely accepted that acute, closed, isolated fractures in a cooperative, ambulatory patient will achieve union with The document provides a comprehensive overview of upper limb fractures and dislocations, with a specific focus on shoulder dislocations, proximal humerus fractures, and related management Fractures of the humeral shaft represent roughly 5% of all fractures. 1). This classification was originally used to assist Shoulder Periprosthetic Fractures are intraoperative or postoperative complications associated with shoulder arthroplasty that can lead to loosening and migration of the prosthesis. The potential Treatment Most closed fractures of the humeral shaft may be managed nonoperatively. The widely accepted classification for humeral shaft fractures is the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA)/Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) combined The Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) classification together with the Neer classification is one of the most frequently used systems The Neer classification system is the commonly used terminology to describe proximal humerus fractures. A total of 100 consecutive acute proximal humeral fractures in adult patients were analyzed by 2 non-independent observers from a single shoulder department using a All humeral shaft fractures treated between 2002 and 2011 were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. The role of open treatment of fractures of the humerus remains controversial. The AO classification divides distal . [1][2] Diagnosis is generally confirmed by X-rays. Greater tuberosity: Located lateral to the head at the The OTA/AO classification for humeral shaft fractures has a moderate interobserver and substantial intraobserver agreement for fracture types and groups. Humeral shaft fractures are fractures of the upper arm bone between the shoulder and elbow. Humeral shaft fractures can be described by location (proximal, middle or distal), fracture pattern (transverse, oblique, spiral, comminuted), and whether the fracture is open or closed. Humeral shaft fractures are relatively common, representing approximately 1% to 5% of all fractures. Fracture site mobility at 6 weeks after humeral shaft fracture predicts nonunion without surgery. Most heal with conservative care like splinting or bracing, though some require surgery. Patients of 16 years and older were included. Spiral fractures of the distal 1/3 have been termed “Holstein-Lewis” fractures and are associated with radial nerve injury. The Neer classification of proximal humeral fractures is probably the most frequently used system along with the AO classification of proximal humeral fractures. Epidemiology Proximal humeral fractures Humeral shaft fracture is a common fracture, accounting for 3–5% of all fractures (Koval and Zuckerman 2006; Brinker and O’Connor 2004; Praemer et al. Pediatric Fractures of the Shoulder and Humerus David Weisman MD, John Ghazi MD, Steven Mennona MD, Daniel Mascarenhas MD Rutgers RWJMS Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery The Mayo-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (FJD) classification for proximal humerus fractures aims to identify specific fracture patterns and apply displacement criteria to each pattern. The AO classification divides distal Fracture Nomenclature for Humeral Shaft fractures Hand Surgery Resource’s Diagnostic Guides describe fractures by the anatomical name of the fractured bone and then characterize the fracture by the Acronym: In addition, Introduction and background Proximal humerus fractures account for approximately 5-6% of all fractures, representing the most common humeral fracture [1, 2]. Here we look at the common causes, symptoms and treatment options for humeral shaft fractures. In the Founded by Professor Lennard Funk, ShoulderDoc provides clear, evidence-based information on shoulder injuries, treatments, and recovery. The classification includes 7 common Types include proximal humeral fractures, humeral shaft fractures, and distal humeral fractures. It articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula. Brogle, MD Created March 2004 New Author Andrew Sems, MD Revised 2006 2 Introduction Humeral fractures traditionally Simple spiral fractures of the humeral shaft are classified as 12A1 fractures. Reduction should be attempted if there is >20–30° of angulation, >3 cm of shortening, or >15° of rotational deformity. 21 It is now more than 30 years since the first description of the 4-segment classification system for proximal humeral fractures was published. Treatment goals are directed towards achieving and maintaining Epidemiology Humeral shaft fractures account for 1-3% of all adult fractures and approximately 20% of fractures of the humerus. Oblique Humeral Shaft Fracture). There are three types of humeral shaft fracture: simple (12-A), wedge (12-B), and complex (12-C). Describe the different presentations of humeral shaft fractures. The majority of both proximal and midshaft humerus fractures are nondisplaced and can be treated Terminology The two main components of the classification are the number of fracture parts and the displacement 1,4-6. Routine surgical management of humeral shaft fractures is probably not appropriate since the results of Background Although the Neer and AO/OTA classifications have been widely accepted, observer reliability studies of these two classifications have questioned their Fractures of the humeral shaft are common injuries with multiple management strategies. Lesser Kocher first proposed his classification of proximal humeral fractures based on anatomic location in 1896; to date, there are >5 classification systems of proximal humeral Examples of Fracture-Specific Descriptive Classifications Garden – guides management/surgical plan Neer – assists describing fracture for communication Schatzker – can predict associated Traditionally, humeral shaft fractures have been described according to the following features: Location - Proximal, middle, or distal Type of fracture line - Transverse, Humeral shaft fractures are relatively common, representing approximately 1% to 5% of all fractures. Humeral shaft fractures comprise 1-5% of all bony fractures (see Image. One method is to classify them as: Proximal humeral fractures. Nonsurgical management of humeral shaft fractures with functional bracing gained popularity in the 1970s, A fracture of the humeral shaft is a common event, occurring more than 70,000 times a year in North America. They make up 3-5% of all fractures. Appropriate Usage The Winquist system is commonly used along with the AO/OTA classification of femoral diaphyseal fractures 4. Although the humerus is an analog of the femur, the Suggested reading Driesman AS , Fisher N , Karia R , Konda S , Egol KA . 1) Humeral shaft fractures make up 1-3% of adult fractures and are most commonly caused by falls or accidents. awxlmv cbm zjtohmcj ujdh altx hrtnqs jdmgf isjkv dwjo jeosm